Brain Check (video), Equipo Jocelyn Torres y Adrian Sanchez

No se porque razón no se pudo subir, pero el link se encuentra en el directorio de los trabajos y también fue publicado en Facebook, y para que no haya problema aqui dejo el link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xwrp3J-hauc&feature=youtu.be

Brain Check (trabajo escrito), Equipo Jocelyn Torres y Adrian Sanchez

De los temas que se encuentran para el trabajo final se pudieron considera varios, los cuales leyéndolos o aplicando los puntos de vista que nos satisficieron fue el tema de Brain check, el cual fue desarrollado con mucho esfuerzo el organizador grafico, video y este trabajo escrito aplicando los conocimientos que adquirimos durante este curso de comprensión de textos en ingles.

Primero se va a tomar en cuenta que vamos a transcribir todo el contenido que es los que nos interesa para el desarrollo de este trabajo final, consideramos que hasta el último encontramos los temas desglosados aplicando los temas vistos en clase como son (Elementos Visuales, Cognados, Presente Simple, Categorías Gramaticales y partes de la Oración, Adjetivos y Sustantivos, Pasado Simple, Presente Perfecto, Conectores, Voz pasiva, Futuro, Scanning & Skimming, Oraciones Tópicas, Extensive Reading).

Se va a colocar colores que son  para cada desglose de cada tema y se va a basar en la siguiente tabla:

Elementos Visuales
Cognados
Presente Simple
Categorias Gramaticales y partes de la Oracion
Adjetivos y Sustantivos
Pasado Simple
Presente Perfecto
Conectores
Voz pasiva
Futuro
Scanning & Skimming
Oraciones Topicas
Extensive Reading

Considerando que ya se asignaron los colores correspondientes a los temas que se desarrollaron el clase y son los más relevantes podemos vamos a transcribir todo el contenido a desarrollar y se va a subrayar con el color correspondiente que vamos a distinguir en la elaboración de este trabajo.

Brain Check

Sep 26, 2004 8:00 PM EDT

SCIENTISTS ARE MAPPING THE PATHWAYS THAT LINK EMOTION TO HEALTH. THE CHALLENGE FOR THE REST OF US IS TO PUT THE DISCOVERIES TO WORK.

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Imagine you're allergic to the oil of the Japanese lacquer tree--so allergic that the brush of a leaf against your skin provokes an angry rash. Strapping a blindfold over your eyes, a scientist tells you she's going to rub your right arm with lacquer leaf and your left arm with the innocuous leaf of a chestnut tree. The rubbing commences, and before long your right arm is covered with burning, itchy welts. Your left side feels fine. No surprise, until you learn that your left arm--not the right--is the one that got lacquered. Or imagine that Parkinson's disease has reduced your walk to a shuffle and left your hands too shaky to grasp a pencil. You enroll in a study and receive an experimental surgical treatment, which dramatically improves both your gait and your grip. You're ready to declare it a miracle of modern medicine, when you discover that the operation was a sham. The surgeons merely drilled a small hole in your skull and then patched it.

That thoughts and feelings can affect our health is hardly news. In the span of a few decades, mind-body medicine has evolved from heresy into something approaching cliche. So why is NEWSWEEK devoting this Health for Life report to the mind-body connection? Because the relationship between emotion and health is turning out to be more interesting, and more important, than most of us could have imagined. Viewed through the lens of 21st-century science, anxiety, alienation and hopelessness are not just feelings. Neither are love, serenity and optimism. All are physiological states that affect our health just as clearly as obesity or physical fitness. And the brain, as the source of such states, offers a potential gateway to countless other tissues and organs--from the heart and blood vessels to the gut and the immune system. The challenge is to map the pathways linking mental states to medical ones, and learn how to travel them at will.

That effort is now burgeoning. The federal government's five-year-old Integrated Neural Immune Program will spend $16 million on mind-body research next year, and private foundations will spend millions more. At least one leading managed-care organization, HIP USA, has started to cover mind-body practices, and Medicare now reimburses for certain relaxation techniques administered by psychologists. Hospitals, for their part, are opening mind-body clinics--and yoga classes are spreading from health clubs into shopping malls. According to a recent government survey, nearly half of all Americans used mind-body interventions in 2002. The respondents embraced practices ranging from deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation to meditation, hypnosis and guided imagery. Close to half of them also said they prayed--perhaps the oldest and most basic form of mind-body medicine.

They had plenty to pray for. Modern life is rife with potential stressors, and there is now little question that uncontrolled stress can kill. Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon recognized 90 years ago that when confronted by a threat--physical or emotional, real or imagined--the body responds with a rise in blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tension and breathing rate. We now know that this physiological "stress response" involves hormones and inflammatory chemicals that, while valuable in measured bursts, can foster everything from headaches to heart attacks in overdose. Cannon verified that people who believed they'd been hexed by voodoo witch doctors could drop dead from a sudden and massive stress response. We now know that chronic stress, though not always fatal, can disrupt the digestive system, worsen symptoms of menopause and interfere with fertility. Indeed, experts now believe that 60 to 90 percent of all doctor visits involve stress-related complaints.

As researchers chart the health effects of hostility and hopelessness, they're also gaining unprecedented insights into the mind's power to heal. The "placebo response" has been widely recognized since the 1950s, when Harvard's Dr. Henry Beecher described the phenomenon. Until recently, most experts dismissed it as a feat of self-deception, in which people who remain sick (or never were) convince themselves they're better. But we're now discovering that expectations can directly alter a disease process. Consider those Parkinson's sufferers who improved with sham surgery. Using PET scans, researchers compared their brains with those of patients who received an active treatment. As expected, the active intervention caused a significant rise in dopamine, the neurotransmitter that people with Parkinson's lack. But the patients who improved on placebo experienced a similar dopamine surge. A related study found that fake analgesics could boost the brain's own pain-fighting mechanisms. In both cases, the placebo response was not an imaginary lessening of symptoms but an objective, measurable change in brain chemistry.

Placebos are just the beginning. Mounting evidence suggests that any number of soothing emotional experiences can improve our physical health. At Duke University, researchers have found that religious observance is associated with lower rates of illness and hospitalization. In studies of HIV-positive men, researchers at UCLA have found that optimism is associated with stronger immune-cell function. And research at Harvard suggests that the "relaxation response"--the deep sense of calm we can achieve through yoga, prayer or simple deep-breathing exercises--can help counter the effects of chronic stress. We now believe that the body produces more nitric oxide when deeply relaxed, and that this molecule acts as an antidote to cortisol and other potentially toxic stress hormones.

Can we teach ourselves to be healthier? That is the central question of mind-body medicine, and the answer is not an unqualified yes. Stressful life circumstances are sometimes inescapable (no one chooses poverty or discrimination). Heredity and temperament leave some of us more stress-prone than others. And prayer is clearly no substitute for penicillin or a decent diet. Yet mind-body techniques can improve almost anyone's quality of life. Meditation may not cure cancer, but by alleviating fear and softening the side effects of treatment, it leaves many patients feeling less victimized. Stress-related illness often defies conventional remedies, and when we persist with high-tech pills and procedures, the costs of treatment can easily outweigh the benefits. Mind-body medicine offers a saner starting place. If it fulfills half its promise, it could reduce medical costs while improving our health and our lives. And whatever its limitations, it has the advantage of doing no harm.

Brain Check (mapa mental), Equipo Jocelyn Torres y Adrian Sanchez

Time Travelers on Ice, Equipo Jocelyn Torres y Adrian Sanchez

To Test or Not to Test?

I.       VOCABULARY. Complete the table with the correct meaning. Remember that context is very important to make a good decision.

LÍNEA	VOCABULARIO	SIGNIFICADO
4	settled	colocado
8	deserve	merecen
12	flared	encendio
15	harsh	aspero
24	undergo	sufren
39	screen	protegen
42	lump	terron
51	trials	pruebas
70	flawed	dañado
71	hastily thrown out	A toda prisa
78	economic and political incentive	Incentivo político y económico
83	realice	Ralizar
86	rate	Tarifa
96	scarring	Cicatrización
99	drawbacks	Desventajas
107	forgo	Renunciarse
108	breast-sparing surgery	Cirugía ahorrativa
110	anxiety-provoking false positives	Ansiedad de promover falsos aspectos positivos
112	slow-growing tumors	Lento crecimiento de tumores
122	left	izquierdo

II.            CONTEXTUAL REFERENCE. Complete the following statements based on the text “To Test or Not to Test?”

1.     In l.19 “its” refers to: __________Investigadores Daneses__________

2.     In l.26 “this” substitutes: _________Instituto de Cancer Naciona___________

3.     In l. 33 “this controversy” refers to: __________El Cancer de Mama___________

4.     In l. 34 “their next mammogram” refers to: __________La proxima cita mamografica__________

5.     In l. 44 “those” substitutes: __________Las Mujeres__________

6.     In l. 59 “those” substitutes: __________Los Autores Daneses__________

III.           CONNECTORS. Fill in the chart with the connected ideas.

π	CONNECTOR	IDEAS CONNECTED	FUNCTION
I	whether	LAS MUJERES EN EU SON ARRUINADA SI NO TIENEN UNA MAMOGRAFIA	SI
II	but	LAS POLITICAS CON EL CAMBIO DE RECOMENDACIONES CON LAS MUJERES QUE TIENEN 40 AÑOS	PERO
III	whether	SE PUEDE TRATAR UNA CONTROVERSIA SI LAS MUJERES NECESITAN UNA NUEVA MAMOGRAFIA	SI
	for example	NO HABLAR SOBRE EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CANCE DE MAMA CON LA HISTORIA FAMILIAR	EJEMPLO
IV	whether	SE HA DESIGNADO UNA FIGURA DE QUE LA MAMOGRAFIA SAL LAS VIDAS	SI
V	whether	MUCHOS CANCER DE MAMA SE HAN EVOCADO LOS INVESTIGADORES DANESES CON UNA POLITICA INCENTIVA	SI
VI	such as	ESO PUEDE TENER PROBLEMAS COMO MIEDOS	COMO
VII	Despite		A PESAR
	for example	MUJERES TIENEN UN TUMOR MUY PEQUEÑO PERO PUEDE TERMINARSE CON QUIMIOTERAPIA	EJEMPLO
VIII	but	NECESITAN UTILIZAR EL CANCER DE MAMA LOS DOCTORES PERO NO LO HAN EXTERMINADO PERO AUN NO SE HA TERMINADO	PERO
IX	but	LA PROFESORE DE UCLA DICE DEBEN SER HONESTOS Y PUEDEN DARLES UNA OPCION A LAS MUJERES DE COMO EL CUIDAR EL TRATAMIENTO DEL CANCE DE MAMA	PERO

IV.          COMPREHENSION. Answer in Spanish the following questions about the text.

1.    ¿Cuál es la discusión que sostienen los investigadores de cáncer de mama?

_____LA RUTINA DE MAMOGRAFIAS QUE SALVAN LA VIDA ALAS MUJERES EN ESTADOR UNIDOS_____

2.    ¿Qué significan las siglas NCI?

_____NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE_____

3.    Cuál es la recomendación de la NCI?

_____QUE SE LLEVE ACABO UNA POLITICA DE REVISION PERIODICA DE LA MAMOGRAFIA_____

4.    ¿Qué establece el debate?

_______________________

5.    ¿Cuál es la opinión del Dr. Greenwald acerca de los mamogramas?

_____QUE ES MUY COMPLICADO PERO ESTO NO SIGNIFICA QUE ES MENOS SEGURO DE COMO SE PIENSA_____

6.    ¿Cuándo es que los investigadores NO consideran necesario un mamograma?

_______________________________________________________________

7.    ¿Qué casos están fuera de esta consideración?

a. ____________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________

8.    ¿Qué es lo que estudiaron los autores del estudio danés?

_____QUE LA RUTINA SOBRE LA MAMOGRAFIA SALVA LA VIDA_____

                                                                                                       

9.    ¿Para qué fueron diseñadas las pruebas clínicas?

_____DATOS ESTANDARIZADOS HACEN UNA PRUEBA CLINICA BUENA_____

10. ¿Qué es lo que concluyeron las pruebas?

_____QUE LOS CINCO ESTUDIOS NO FUERON SEGUROS POR SER PRIMITIVOS Y NO PUEDEN SER CONFIABLES_____

11. ¿Cuál es la opinión del autor del estudio?

_____LA EVIDENCIA NO ES AVALUABLE COMO LAS MUJERES TOMAN LAS MAMOGRAFIAS Y CUANDO NO LO HACEN Y SIGUEN VIVIENDO ASI_____

12. ¿Qué opinaron los críticos?

_____LOS SEVEROS ESTUDIOS Y RIGUROSOS METODOS DE UTILIZACION TAMBIEN SE DEBEN CHCAR OTROS PUNTOS DE LA MAMOGRAFIA PARA EL CANCER DE MAMA_____

13. ¿Con qué se asocian los mamogramas?

_____CON LAS POLITICAS ECONOMICAS PARA INCENTIVAR EL QUERER PROGRAMAR LA VIDA_____

14. ¿Qué indican los porcentajes 10% y 15%?

_____EL DIEZ Y QUINCE PORCIENTO DE LAS MUJERES PUDEN TENER CANCER_____

15. ¿Qué indican los porcentajes 2% y 11%?

_____TODAS LAS ANORMALIDADES ENCONTRADAS EN LA RUTINA NO PUEDEN SER CANCER_____

16. ¿Qué problema implica el que las mujeres regresen por otro mamograma?

_____PUEDEN OBNTENER INFACCIONES Y COMPLICACIONES NO NECESARIAS_____

17. ¿Cuáles son los beneficios reales de los mamogramas?

_____ENCONTRAR UN CANCER TEMPRANAMENTE RETARDAR EL TRATAMIENTO DE CANCER_____

18. Se dice que cierto grado de ansiedad que pueda provocar falsos positivos en la pruebas, puede ser un bajo precio a pagar. ¿Para quién?

_____PARA LAS MUJERES DEL EU_____

19. ¿Qué se espera que los doctores sepan algún día?

_____COMO IDENTIFICADOR ESOS CASOS CON MUCHA CONFIDENCIA DEL CANCER DE MAMA_____

20. ¿Qué dice la Dra. Patricia Ganz?

_____QUE LOS DOCTORES DEBEN DECIR HONESTAMENTE LA RUTINA DELA MAMOGRAFIA PUEDE NO SALVAR LA VIDA_____